User:Becha/InternetPlumbing

Lecture at Hacking Feminism

• 6 April 2016, 8PM
• By Becha
• https://wiki.laglab.org/Hacking_Feminism

Internet Plumbing

Internet Plumbing is a word-game with multiple layers of meaning (ha! a recursive pun ;-)

Series of Tubes

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_of_tubes
• http://www.salon.com/2012/05/28/tubes_what_the_internet_is_made_of/
• http://knowyourmeme.com/memes/series-of-tubes
• http://www.submarinecablemap.com/

Ubiquitous and complicated as plumbing?

• Internet as a utility
• just like "plumbing" (water & sewage), there is underlying "technology" to it, so complex, that no-one seems to grasp how all of it works
• 60% of the population of the planet does NOT have "teh Internets", and 30% does not have plumbing either (http://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/sanitation.shtml)

Acronyms!

• TCP/IP
• IPv4, IPv6: Internet Protocol (IP) addresses
• NAT: Network Address Translation
• DNS: Domain Name System
• ASN: Autonomous System Number
  • used for BGP routing (Border Gateway Protocol)
• IXP: Internet eXchange Point
• SMTP
• HTTP
• CDN

Basics

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Border_Gateway_Protocol

Many many more resources: books, videos:

• Internet_Governance_and_hackers#How_does_the_Internet_work

Links:

• http://en.flossmanuals.net/bypassing-censorship/ch006_chapter-1-how/
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_protocol_suite
• http://what-when-how.com/data-communications-and-networking/network-and-transport-layers-data-communications-and-networking/
• http://what-when-how.com/data-communications-and-networking/network-models-data-communications-and-networking/
• http://www.laneye.com/network/how-network-works/mac-address-and-ip-address-relationship.htm
• https://www.amplicon.com/building/networking-principles.cfm#ip
• DNS & CDNs: Internet plumbing: Think globally, route locally, Mar 16th 2011, http://www.economist.com/node/21016766/print

Security, Privacy, Avoiding Censorship

• IPSec
• DNSSEC
• BGP security & plumbing:
  • https://www.blackhat.com/docs/us-15/materials/us-15-Remes-Internet-Plumbing-For-Security-Professionals-The-State-Of-BGP-Security-wp.pdf
  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=po_9p6XxK2E

• User Self-help:
  • https://www.takebackthetech.net
  • https://gendersec.tacticaltech.org/wiki/index.php/Manuals_with_a_gender_perspective
  • http://hackingwithcare.in/by/ressources/
  • https://gendersec.tacticaltech.org/wiki/index.php/Complete_manual
  • http://en.flossmanuals.net/bypassing-censorship/ch007_chapter-2-censorship/

Alternatives

MeshNet: "Hackers and philosophers building an utopia together": http://becha.home.xs4all.nl/hackers-philosophers-utopian-network-dec-2012-becha.pdf

MeshNet#Education

P2pbgpsec#Technical_view

November 2014: Nature will have the last word, on Future of Technology, RIPE69 https://wiki.techinc.nl/index.php/File:Nature-speaking-on-future_of_the_internet-RIPE69.pdf

UnCivilization: critical thinking about Internet & capitalism: https://lists.puscii.nl/wws/info/uncivilization

• • Hackers_tribes#Internet_and_Capitalism
  • Hackers_tribes#Internet.2C_Electrical_Energy_Efficiency.2C_Pollution
  • Hackers_tribes#Against_Anthropocentrism

Playfull: Internet Simulator: https://github.com/nsec/the-internet

• Alternative Network Deployments: Taxonomy, characterization, technologies and architectures

https://www.ietf.org/id/draft-irtf-gaia-alternative-network-deployments-04.txt

• The Critical Engineering Manifesto: https://www.criticalengineering.org/

Overview

OSI Model T-shirt enhanced to include an 8th and 9th layer as defined by Evi Nemeth: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evi_Nemeth // https://www.isc.org/product/isc-9-layer-osi-model-cotton-t-shirt/

(TODO: add ISC reference to Evi's wikipedia page!!) 

Description of OSI layers

Borrowed from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model

The recommendation X.200 describes seven layers, labeled 1 to 7. Layer 1 is the lowest layer in this model

OSI Model
Layer		Protocol data unit (PDU)	Function<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>	Examples
Host layers	7. Application	Data	High-level APIs, including resource sharing, remote file access, directory services and virtual terminals	TLS, FTP, HTTP, HTTPS, SMTP, SSH, Telnet
	6. Presentation		Translation of data between a networking service and an application; including character encoding, data compression and encryption/decryption	CSS, GIF, HTML, XML, JSON
	5. Session		Managing communication sessions, i.e. continuous exchange of information in the form of multiple back-and-forth transmissions between two nodes	RPC, SCP, NFS, PAP,
	4. Transport	Segment (TCP) / Datagram (UDP)	Reliable transmission of data segments between points on a network, including segmentation, acknowledgement and multiplexing	NBF, TCP, UDP
Media layers	3. Network	Packet	Structuring and managing a multi-node network, including addressing, routing and traffic control	AppleTalk, ICMP, IPsec, IPv4, IPv6
	2. Data link	Frame	Reliable transmission of data frames between two nodes connected by a physical layer	IEEE 802.2, L2TP, LLDP, MAC, PPP, ATM, MPLS
	1. Physical	Bit	Transmission and reception of raw bit streams over a physical medium	DOCSIS, DSL, Ethernet physical layer, ISDN, USB

Layer	Example	Practically	Owner	Developed by	Vulnerabilities/Dangers	Securing	Alternatives
Physical	HW - end user equipment	Computer, tablet, phone...	User	Commercial companies: Apple, Siemens, Samsung...	Un-ethical manufacturing, security backdoors, pollution caused by e-waste disposal,	Hard:	Open HW movement; fair-phone; DIY, Repair Cafes, fair-trade...

Next: Internet Governance

See this lecture : Internet_Governance_Digital_Culture#Internet_Governance

Internet_Governance_and_hackers