Difference between revisions of "User:Becha/InternetPlumbing"

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==Description of OSI layers==
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The recommendation X.200 describes seven layers, labeled 1 to 7. Layer 1 is the lowest layer in this model.
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{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
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|-
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! colspan="5" | OSI Model
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|-
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! colspan="2" | Layer
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! [[Protocol data unit]] (PDU)
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! style="width:30em;" | Function<ref>{{Cite web | title = The OSI Model's Seven Layers Defined and Functions Explained | work = Microsoft Support | accessdate = 2014-12-28 | url = https://support.microsoft.com/kb/103884}}</ref>
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! Examples
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|-
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! rowspan="4" | Host<br />layers
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| style="background:#d8ec9b;" | 7.&nbsp;[[Application layer|Application]]
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| style="background:#d8ec9c;" rowspan="3" | [[Data (computing)|Data]]
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| style="background:#d8ec9c;" | <small>High-level [[API]]s, including resource sharing, remote file access, [[directory service]]s and [[virtual terminal]]s</small>
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| [[Transport Layer Security|TLS]], [[FTP]], [[HTTP]], [[HTTPS]], [[SMTP]], [[Secure Shell|SSH]], [[Telnet]]
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|-
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| style="background:#d8ec9b;" | 6.&nbsp;[[Presentation layer|Presentation]]
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| style="background:#d8ec9b;" | <small>Translation of data between a networking service and an application; including [[character encoding]], [[data compression]] and [[Encryption|encryption/decryption]]</small>
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| [[CSS]], [[GIF]], [[HTML]], [[XML]], [[JSON]]
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|-
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| style="background:#d8ec9b;" | 5. [[Session layer|Session]]
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| style="background:#d8ec9b;" | <small>Managing communication [[Session (computer science)|sessions]], i.e. continuous exchange of information in the form of multiple back-and-forth transmissions between two nodes</small>
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| [[Remote Procedure Call|RPC]], [[DECnet|SCP]], [[Network File System|NFS]], [[Password authentication protocol|PAP]],
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|-
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| style="background:#e7ed9c;" | 4. [[Transport layer|Transport]]
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| style="background:#e7ed9c;" | [[Packet segmentation|Segment]] (TCP) / [[Datagram]] (UDP)
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| style="background:#e7ed9c;" | <small>Reliable transmission of data segments between points on a network, including [[Packet segmentation|segmentation]], [[Acknowledgement (data networks)|acknowledgement]] and [[multiplexing]]</small>
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| [[NetBIOS Frames protocol|NBF]], [[Transmission Control Protocol|TCP]], [[User Datagram Protocol|UDP]]
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|-
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! rowspan="3" | Media<br />layers
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| style="background:#eddc9c;" | 3. [[Network layer|Network]]
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| style="background:#eddc9c;" | [[Network packet|Packet]]
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| style="background:#eddc9c;" | <small>Structuring and managing a multi-node network, including [[Address space|addressing]], [[routing]] and [[Network traffic control|traffic control]]</small>
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| [[AppleTalk]], [[Internet Control Message Protocol|ICMP]], [[IPsec]], [[IPv4]], [[IPv6]]
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|-
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| style="background:#e9c189;" | 2. [[Data link layer|Data link]]
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| style="background:#e9c189;" | [[Frame (networking)|Frame]]
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| style="background:#e9c189;" | <small>Reliable transmission of data frames between two nodes connected by a physical layer</small>
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| [[IEEE 802.2]], [[L2TP]], [[LLDP]], [[Media access control|MAC]], [[Point-to-Point Protocol|PPP]], [[Asynchronous Transfer Mode|ATM]], [[Multiprotocol Label Switching|MPLS]]
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|-
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| style="background:#e9988a;" | 1. [[Physical layer|Physical]]
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| style="background:#e9988a;" | [[Bit]]
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| style="background:#e9988a;" | <small>Transmission and reception of raw bit streams over a physical medium</small>
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| [[DOCSIS]], [[DSL]], [[Ethernet physical layer]], [[ISDN]], [[USB]]
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|}
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<!----- {{Clear}} ------->
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==Participate, take action, join==
 
==Participate, take action, join==

Revision as of 08:38, 3 April 2016

Hacking-feminism-screenshot.png

Lecture at Hacking Feminism

Internet Plumbing

Internet Plumbing is a word-game with multiple layers of meaning (ha! a recursive pun ;-)

Women role models in computing.jpg

Series of Tubes

Ubiquitous and complicated as plumbing?

  • Internet as a utility
  • just like "plumbing" (water & sewage), there is underlying "technology" to it, so complex, that no-one seems to grasp how all of it works
  • 60% of the population of the planet does NOT have "teh Internets", and 30% does not have plumbing either (http://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/sanitation.shtml)


Acronyms!

  • TCP/IP
  • IPv4, IPv6: Internet Protocol (IP) addresses
  • NAT: Network Address Translation
  • DNS: Domain Name System
  • ASN: Autonomous System Number
    • used for BGP routing (Border Gateway Protocol)
  • IXP: Internet eXchange Point
  • SMTP
  • HTTP
  • CDN

Protocol stack hourglass 1.jpeg 500px-An example of theoretical DNS recursion-nl.svg.png Becha-Autonomous-system.png

Basics

More-dolls-fig2.jpg Networking-fig3.jpg Email-tmp3163.jpg Best-tmp314.jpg

Many many more resources: books, videos:

Links:

Security, Privacy, Avoiding Censorship

Alternatives

MeshNet: "Hackers and philosophers building an utopia together": http://becha.home.xs4all.nl/hackers-philosophers-utopian-network-dec-2012-becha.pdf

MeshNet#Education

Tier0.png

P2pbgpsec#Technical_view

November 2014: Nature will have the last word, on Future of Technology, RIPE69 https://wiki.techinc.nl/index.php/File:Nature-speaking-on-future_of_the_internet-RIPE69.pdf

UnCivilization: critical thinking about Internet & capitalism: https://lists.puscii.nl/wws/info/uncivilization

Playfull: Internet Simulator: https://github.com/nsec/the-internet

Overview

Layer Example Practically Owner Developed by Vulnerabilities/Dangers Securing Alternatives
Physical HW - end user equipment Computer, tablet, phone... User Commercial companies: Apple, Siemens, Samsung... Un-ethical manufacturing, security backdoors, pollution caused by e-waste disposal, Hard: Open HW movement; fair-phone; DIY, Repair Cafes, fair-trade...

Description of OSI layers

The recommendation X.200 describes seven layers, labeled 1 to 7. Layer 1 is the lowest layer in this model.

OSI Model
Layer Protocol data unit (PDU) Function<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Examples
Host
layers 		7. Application Data High-level APIs, including resource sharing, remote file access, directory services and virtual terminals TLS, FTP, HTTP, HTTPS, SMTP, SSH, Telnet
6. Presentation Translation of data between a networking service and an application; including character encoding, data compression and encryption/decryption CSS, GIF, HTML, XML, JSON
5. Session Managing communication sessions, i.e. continuous exchange of information in the form of multiple back-and-forth transmissions between two nodes RPC, SCP, NFS, PAP,
4. Transport Segment (TCP) / Datagram (UDP) Reliable transmission of data segments between points on a network, including segmentation, acknowledgement and multiplexing NBF, TCP, UDP
Media
layers 		3. Network Packet Structuring and managing a multi-node network, including addressing, routing and traffic control AppleTalk, ICMP, IPsec, IPv4, IPv6
2. Data link Frame Reliable transmission of data frames between two nodes connected by a physical layer IEEE 802.2, L2TP, LLDP, MAC, PPP, ATM, MPLS
1. Physical Bit Transmission and reception of raw bit streams over a physical medium DOCSIS, DSL, Ethernet physical layer, ISDN, USB


Participate, take action, join

Next: Internet Governance

See this lecture : Internet_Governance_Digital_Culture#Internet_Governance

Internet_Governance_and_hackers

More LINKS

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