Difference between revisions of "User:Becha/InternetPlumbing/Layers"

From Technologia Incognita
Jump to: navigation, search
(→‎Comparing OSI & TCP / IP layers)
(→‎Owners, Developers, Dangers, Mitigations, Alternatives)
Line 62: Line 62:
  
 
==Owners, Developers, Dangers, Mitigations, Alternatives==
 
==Owners, Developers, Dangers, Mitigations, Alternatives==
 +
 +
[[File:Osi-deployment-layers.png]]
 +
  
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|
 
!Layer
 
!Layer
 
!Example
 
!Example
Line 73: Line 87:
 
| Alternatives
 
| Alternatives
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|10
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|9
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|8
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|7
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|6
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|5
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|4
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
||8
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|3
 +
| Network
 +
| Internet
 +
| ifconfig; 10.10.10.10, IPv6
 +
| no-one: IP addresses are "leased"! <br> (PI,PA,LIR,RIR,IANA,IETF)
 +
| RIR PDP, IANA, IETF
 +
| hierarchy, run-out, incompatibility, market forces; surveillance
 +
| IPSec
 +
| Blockchain?
 +
|-
 +
|2
 +
| Data-link
 +
| Physical connections
 +
| Ethernet cables, WiFi, fibers, satellites, under-sea cables 
 +
| Individuals, communities, ISP, "carriers", corporations, governments, 
 +
| Hackers, commercial companies, governments
 +
| "ownership" models; hierarchy of server-client model; pollution & distraction of Earth; surveillance
 +
| commoning; shared infrastructure; development of sustainable technologies (?!), recycling; awareness & activism 
 +
|Community WiFi, Project Loon, Drones
 +
|-
 +
|1
 
|Physical
 
|Physical
 
|HW - end user equipment
 
|HW - end user equipment
Line 90: Line 204:
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|}
 
|}

Revision as of 11:23, 3 April 2016

Comparing OSI & TCP / IP layers

Original borrowed from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model

TCP / IP Model OSI Model
Layer OSI Layer Protocol data unit (PDU) Function Examples
Application 7. Application Data High-level APIs, including resource sharing, remote file access, directory services and virtual terminals TLS, FTP, HTTP, HTTPS, SMTP, SSH, Telnet, BGP!
6. Presentation Translation of data between a networking service and an application; including character encoding, data compression and encryption/decryption CSS, GIF, HTML, XML, JSON
Transport 5. Session Managing communication sessions, i.e. continuous exchange of information in the form of multiple back-and-forth transmissions between two nodes RPC, SCP, NFS, PAP,
4. Transport Segment (TCP) / Datagram (UDP) Reliable transmission of data segments between points on a network, including segmentation, acknowledgement and multiplexing NBF, TCP, UDP
Network /
Internet 		3. Network Packet Structuring and managing a multi-node network, including addressing, routing and traffic control AppleTalk, ICMP, IPsec, IPv4, IPv6
Link
layer 		2. Data link Frame Reliable transmission of data frames between two nodes connected by a physical layer IEEE 802.2, L2TP, LLDP, MAC, PPP, ATM, MPLS
1. Physical Bit Transmission and reception of raw bit streams over a physical medium DOCSIS, DSL, Ethernet physical layer, ISDN, USB

Cross-layer functions:

  • ARP is used to translate IPv4 addresses (OSI layer 3) into Ethernet MAC addresses (OSI layer 2).
  • Domain Name Service is an Application Layer service which is used to look up the IP address of a given domain name. Once a reply is received from the DNS server, it is then possible to form a Layer 3 connection to the third-party host.
  • etc

Osi-deployment-layers.png

Owners, Developers, Dangers, Mitigations, Alternatives

Osi-deployment-layers.png


Layer Example Practically Owner Developed by Vulnerabilities/Dangers Securing Alternatives
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
8
3 Network Internet ifconfig; 10.10.10.10, IPv6 no-one: IP addresses are "leased"!
(PI,PA,LIR,RIR,IANA,IETF) 		RIR PDP, IANA, IETF hierarchy, run-out, incompatibility, market forces; surveillance IPSec Blockchain?
2 Data-link Physical connections Ethernet cables, WiFi, fibers, satellites, under-sea cables Individuals, communities, ISP, "carriers", corporations, governments, Hackers, commercial companies, governments "ownership" models; hierarchy of server-client model; pollution & distraction of Earth; surveillance commoning; shared infrastructure; development of sustainable technologies (?!), recycling; awareness & activism Community WiFi, Project Loon, Drones
1 Physical HW - end user equipment Computer, tablet, phone... User Commercial companies: Apple, Siemens, Samsung... Un-ethical manufacturing, security backdoors, pollution caused by e-waste disposal, Hard: Open HW movement; fair-phone; DIY, Repair Cafes, fair-trade...
Retrieved from "https://wiki.techinc.nl/index.php?title=User:Becha/InternetPlumbing/Layers&oldid=17623"